Cable Fault Locators

GAO’s cable fault locators are devices used to identify and locate faults or problems in underground electrical cables or communication cables. These faults may include breaks, short circuits, open circuits, insulation deterioration, or other issues that disrupt the normal functioning of the cable. Our cable fault locators are used by maintenance and repair technicians working in industries such as power distribution, telecommunications, and data networking. By pinpointing the exact location of a fault, these devices help in efficient troubleshooting and minimize downtime by facilitating faster repairs. 

 

GAO’s cable fault locators are composed of a control unit, pulse generator, measurement unit, probes or connectors, display and indicators, power source, data logging, and connectivity. 

Showing all 87 results

GAOTek Battery Ground Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-125
This Battery Ground Fault Locator DC 40 V to 300 V working power, 0.5 % accuracy, 200 KΩ grounding detection range, and -4 °F to 131 °F temperature.

GAOTek Blockage Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-133
This blockage underground high voltage cable fault locator has ±5% positioning accuracy, output power of 10 W and 16.40 ft (5 m) detection depth.

GAOTek Cable and Pipeline Underground Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-212
GAOTek cable and pipeline underground locator use translative low power LCD technology that uses ambient light to improve screen readability in direct sunlight and extend battery life.

GAOTek Cable Breakpoint Finder

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-220
This Cable Breakpoint Finder has dynamic range of 12 dB, wavelength of 1310 nm, FC or PC connector, 9 μm or 125 μm single mode, and 4.2 V power supply.

GAOTek Cable Fault Distance Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-111
GAOTek cable fault distance locators are applicable to testing all types of faults of power cables with 35 kV and lower voltage, test kV cables or wires with above double core (including coaxial), test open circuit and low resistance faults, calibrating length of cables or wires and transmission speed of electric wave in the cables.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locater Thumper

SKU: GAOTek-PELA-260
GAOTek cable fault locater thumper is used for automatically testing the precise location of the coaxial cable and communication cable’s broken wires, mixed wires, ground gas, and related cable faults.

GAOTek Cable Fault Location System

SKU: GAOTek-PELA-250
This Cable Fault Location System has 0 ft to 16.40 ft (0 m to 5 m) of blind spots, power supply of AC 220 V ± 10%, 3.24 ft (1 m) of blind area.  

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-114
This Cable Fault Locator has 3.5 in (8.89 cm) LCD display, 7.4 V battery, 19.69 ft (6 m) working depth, 512 KHz frequency, and built in GPS.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-146
This Cable Fault Locator has a measurement range of 4.9 mi, 30 ns to 50 us pulse width, 1.64 ft max resolution, and 0 V to 30 V pulse amplitude.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-138
GAOTek cable fault locator is a high-performance underground metal pipeline detection system, it is composed of a signal transmitter and receiver and can be used for metal pipe, path detection of underground cable, pipeline census, and depth measurement, with a variety of optional accessories, can undertake uniqueness identification, as well as piping insulation damage and some types of cable fault lookup.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-156
GAOTek Cable Fault Locator is designed for ease of use, portable, lightweight, and easy to carry. It takes the time domain reflectometer to measure the exact fault location such as the broken line and cross faults.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-165
GAOTek cable fault locator is designed for ease of use. It combines with both time domain reflectometer (TDR, pulse reflection testing) and intelligent bridge testing.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-162
GAOTek cable fault locator is used individually or simultaneously to compensate for varying field conditions.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-129
GAOTek cable fault locator is field identification problems of multiple cables when high voltage cable construction installation and maintenance. DS V live cable identification detector is designed with modern electronic technology.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator Speed Accurate Test

SKU: GAOTek – CFL - 128
GAOTek cable fault locator speed accurate test is used for automatically testing the precise location of the coaxial cable and communication cable’s broken wires, mixed wires, ground gas and related cable fault.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator Tester

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-211
GAOTek cable fault locator is used for automatically testing the precise location of the coaxial cable and communication cable’s broken wires, mixed wires, ground gas and related cable faults.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator Underground Test System

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-121
GAOTek Cable Fault Locator Underground Test System is based on the high-voltage cable construction installation and maintenance personnel urgently need to solve the problem of multiple cable site identification. With reference to advanced foreign technology, it is developed under the guidance of electromagnetic field theory, using modern electronic technology and tooling process technology.

GAOTek Cable Fault Pre-Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-101
This Cable Fault Pre-Locator has frequency of 400 MHz, 70 dB signal gain voltage, detecting range of 62.1 mi (100 km), and voltage of 30 V.

GAOTek Cable Fault Pre-Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-161
This Cable Fault Pre-Locator has 19.7 in (0.5 m) best resolution, sampling rate of 100 MHz, amplitude of 100 Vpp, and pulse width of 0.1 uS and 2 uS.

GAOTek Cable Fault Pre-locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-152
This Cable Fault Pre-locator has a power supply of AC 220 V, 50 Hz,200 MHz frequency, 1.31 ft (0.4 m)max resolution, and 62.1 mi (100 km) max range.

GAOTek Cable Fault Pre-Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-122
This Cable Fault Pre-Locator has low voltage impulse launching voltage of 30 V, sampling frequenct of 200 MHz and max ranging scope of 62.13 mi.

GAOTek Cable Fault Tester

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-127
This Cable Fault Tester has 4.97 mi annual measuring range, 0 ft test blind spot, 1 W power consumption, and 5 °F to 113 °F storage temperature.

GAOTek Cable Fault Tester

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-151
GAOTek cable fault tester is suitable for measuring the low resistance, short circuit, and Open Circuit Broken Fault of power cables, high-frequency cables, local telephone cables, streetlamp cables, and buried wires with different cross-sections.

GAOTek Cable Tracking And Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek – CFL - 126
GAOTek cable tracking and fault locator instruments are composed of transmitter, receiver, magnetic induction detection rod, positioning detection frame and so on.

GAOTek Coaxial Cable High Voltage

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-103
This Coaxial Cable High Voltage has a measured distance of 19.88 mi to 62.13 mi for open wire, power consumption 5VA, detection blind area 3.2 ft (1m).

GAOTek Dark Line Buried Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-213
This Dark Line Buried Cable Fault Locator has maximum length not less than 9.941 mi (16 Km), 25 mHz sampling rate, and low voltage pulse working method.

GAOTek Electric Cable Fault Detector

SKU: GAOTek – CFL - 125
GAOTek electric cable fault detector is a new type of cable fault testing instrument that uses the latest electromagnetic induction method and communication principle.

GAOTek Electric Cable Wire Maintenance Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek – CFL - 124
GAOTek electric cable wire maintenance cable fault locator is designed by a domestic professional R&D team.

GAOTek Electrical Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-132
GAOTek electrical cable fault locators consist of three parts: flash test, tracing and positioning.

GAOTek Electrical Power Cable Fault Detector

SKU: GAOTek-PELA-254
GAOTek electrical power cable fault detector is a portable field equipment for synchronous measurement of multi-point current.

GAOTek Ethernet Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-118
GAOTek fast speed cable fault locators are used for automatically testing the precise location of the coaxial cable and communication cable's broken wires, mixed wires, ground gas and related cable fault.

GAOTek Fast Speed Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-119
GAOTek fast speed cable fault locators are used for automatically testing the precise location of the coaxial cable and communication cable's broken wires, mixed wires, ground gas and related cable fault.

GAOTek Fiber Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-210
GAOTek fiber fault locator is a fiber ranger. It is a newly designed fiber optic tester, it aims at fiber network installation, fiber network engineering acceptance and fiber network maintenance.

GAOTek Fiber Optic Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-149
GAOTek fiber optic cable fault locator is the new generation of intelligent meters for detecting fiber communications systems.

GAOTek Fiber Optic Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-126
This Fiber Optic Fault Locator has 6.56 ft event dead zone, 6.5 in TFT LCD display, 32 °F to 203 °F relative humidity, and 128 K sampling points.

GAOTek Handheld Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-131
GAOTek handheld cable fault locators receivers are used to locate underground pipelines, cables, buried depth measurements of underground pipelines, and current measurements in tubes.

GAOTek Handheld Visual Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL- 117
This Handheld Visual Cable Fault Locator has 0dB to 80dB adjusting range of gain, 30V impulse range, and 0mi to 18.641mi (0km to 30km) testing range.

GAOTek High Precision Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-117
GAOTek high precision cable fault locators are designed for ease of use.

GAOTek High Precision Detector Underground Cable Fault

SKU: GAOTek – CFL - 122
GAOTek high precision detector underground cable fault can test all kinds of faults, especially on the Flashover and High Resistance fault testing and without burning through.

GAOTek High Voltage Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-113
This High Voltage Cable Fault locator has 80 Hz to 1500 Hz bandwidth, 80 dB signal, 6700 mAh battery, AC 100 V to 240 V inputand 5 V or 2 A output.

GAOTek High Voltage Power Cable Fault Pre Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-142
GAOTek High Voltage Power Cable Fault Pre locator is used independently; In impulse current mode (ICM), it needs to be used with KHV 32 high voltage signal generator; In the multiple impulse mode (MIM) must also be tested with TDR 11 cable multiple impulse filter coordination.

GAOTek Intelligent Multi-Pulse Cable Fault Tester

SKU: GAOTek-PELA-262
GAOTek intelligent multi-pulse cable fault tester adopts present international advanced “multi-times pulse” technology, self-developed test technology and the device for high- frequency and high- voltage data signal.

GAOTek Live Cable Identifier

SKU: GAOTek-PELA-252
GAOTek live cable identifier is a handheld device with a 3.5 in (8.89 cm) color LCD screen and a built-in high-speed microprocessor, which can recognize and decode the pulse coded current signal of the transmitter.

GAOTek Multi Wire Cable Tester Fiber

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-105
GAOTek multi wire cable tester fiber is an intelligent product, which is designed for polarity judgment and on-off analysis in MPO or MTP cable production.

GAOTek Multi-Purpose Precision Locator Cable Fault

SKU: GAOTek – CFL - 123
GAOTek multi-purpose precision locator cable fault is specially designed to detect pipes, sondes, telecommunication lines buried utilities.

GAOTek Optic Cable Obstacle Detector Test

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-216
This Optic Cable Obstacle Detector Test has 4.92 ft (1.5 m) event dead zone, 16.4 ft (5 m) attenuation dead zone, and FC or UPC customize connector.

GAOTek Optical Fiber Ranger Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-110
GAOTek optical fiber ranger cable fault locators are designed fiber optic tester, they aim at fiber network installation, fiber network engineering acceptance and fiber network maintenance.

GAOTek Optical Power Meter Visual Fault Locator Network Cable Test

SKU: GAOTek-CFL- 118
GAOTek optical power meter visual fault locator network cable tester mainly used for measurement of optical signal power, stable light source output, insertion loss test, etc.

GAOTek Overground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-PELA-246
GAOTek overground cable fault locator Widely used in cable manufacturers, mines, electric power departments, large enterprises and power cable construction and maintenance departments.

GAOTek Pin Pointer Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-107
GAOTek pin pointer cable fault locator has an extreme complexity of the power cable laying environment, pinpointing points has always been a critical step in cable fault testing.

GAOTek Pipe and Cable Route Tracer Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-124
GAOTek Pipe and Cable Route Tracer Cable Fault Locator consists a transmitter and a receiver, can be used to do route tracing, pipe exploration and depth measurement of the underground cables and metallic pipes.

GAOTek Pipeline and Optical Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-115
GAOTek Pipeline and Optical Cable Fault Locator. This Pipeline and Optical Cable Fault Locator has current signal of maximum 150 mA, signal frequency of 512 Hz to 33 kHz, and 9.32 mi test distance.

GAOTek Pipeline Locator Endoscope Cable Fault Locator

This Pipeline Locator Endoscope Cable Fault Locator has 16.4 ft (5 m) water pressure transmitter pressure, and 6 AA batteries as power supply.

GAOTek Portable Live Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-108
GAOTek portable live cable fault locator has a  transmitter that adopts the pulse current principle to inject the cable core with pulse coded current signal, which generates electromagnetic fields around the target cable for the receiver and the flexible current clamp to detect, decode and identify.

GAOTek Portable Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek – CFL - 127
GAOTek portable underground cable fault locator is an easy operation device used for distance locating.

GAOTek Radio Detection Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-120
This Radio Detection Fault Locator has 140 dB/ms dinamic range, 120 dB/Hz selectivity, 33 KHz sensitivity, 1 s start up time, and 5 % locate accuracy.

GAOTek Route Meter Hand Cable and Electrical Tester

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-106
GAOTek route meter hand cable and electrical tester is a special instrument used to accurately detect the direction and depth of buried cables within a certain range.

GAOTek TDR Telecom Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-PELA-258
GAOTek TDR telecom cable fault locator is designed for ease of use, portability, lightweight, and easy carrying.

GAOTek Telecom Cable Fault Locator Industrial

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-109
GAOTek telecom cable fault locator industrial is designed for ease of use, portable, light weight and easy to carry.

GAOTek Tracking and Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-153
GAOTekcable tracking and fault locator comprise a transmitter, receiver, magnetic induction detection rod, positioning detection frame, and so on. It is a special instrument for optical cable and cable fault location tests.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Location

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-139
This Underground Cable Fault Location has a 577 kHz frequency, 0 ft to 14.7 ft depth range, 30 Vrms sheath fault, and output protection of 240 Vrms.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Location System

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-104
GAOTek underground cable fault location system is a new generation of portable cable designed and manufactured by our company according to user requirements and considered from the field fault test instrument.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-130
GAOTek underground cable fault locator is cable communication, and electric transport completely relies on the good condition of the cable circuit.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-150
GAOTekunderground cable fault locator detects the location and depth of underground cables, optical cables, and metal pipelines and is suitable for mobile communication, telecommunications, power, cable TV, water supply, gas, and other pipeline units.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-145
GAOTek underground cable fault locator is a newly designed fiber optic tester.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-112
This Underground Cable Fault Locator has 577 Hz active frequency, 50 hrs battery life, 0.5 W to 3 W output power, and 30 Vrms output voltage.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-102
GAOTek underground cable fault locator is used to detect the location and depth of underground cables, optical cables and metal pipelines, and is suitable for mobile communication, telecommunications, power, cable TV, water supply, gas and other pipeline units.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-137
This Underground Cable Fault Locator has a frequency of 16 kHz, amplitude of 15 V to 340 V, ≥100 W power, and 32 °F to 104 °F environment temperature.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-160
GAOTek underground cable fault locator tests the distance between the fault position and the measured transformer when an aerial transmission line is in a short circuit or open circuit.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-166
GAOTek underground cable fault locator is the most portable test instrument in the industry.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-163
GAOTek underground cable fault locator is mainly used to locate the breakage, short circuit and ground leakage faults of high and low voltage buried power cables within 10 KV (the insulation resistance to ground is less than 0.5 megohms) and the depth of buried cables.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-100
GAOTek underground cable fault locator is the preferred equipment, especially for detecting various kinds of pipelines for oil (gas) transportation, water supply, drainage, gas, heat, and industry, etc. and various cables for electricity and telecommunication, etc.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator Tester

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-123
GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Locator Tester has a multiple functions. Safe, quick and accurate test.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Pre-Location

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-143
GAOTek underground cable fault pre-location is suitable for measuring the low resistance, short circuit, open circuit and disconnection faults of power cables, high-frequency coaxial cables, local telephone cables, street light cables, buried wires of various materials and materials with different cross sections and different media, and High resistance leakage and high resistance flashover failures.

GAOTek Underground Cable Fault Tester

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-148
GAOTek underground cable fault tester is designed to cater to industrial-grade power industry solutions and the rapid development of the IT era and systematizes the limitations of the original cable fault tester with industrial control embedded computer platform system, network service business, and USB communication technology.

GAOTek Underground Electric Cable Fault Detection Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-214
GAOTek underground electric cable fault detection locator is based on electromagnetic induction method to the application of communication principles designed.

GAOTek Underground Electric Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-135
GAOTek underground electric cable fault locator is developed successfully by ARM+FPGA+ large lattice color LCD technology.

GAOTek Underground Metal Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-134
This Underground Metal Cable Fault Locator has 4.97 mi test range, 9.84 ft cable depth, 480 pixels x 800 pixels LCD size, and 96 ns to 10 us pulse.

GAOTek Underground Optical Fiber Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-PELA-256
GAOTek underground optical fiber cable fault locator is an intelligent meter of a new generation for the detection of fiber communications systems.

GAOTek Underground Pin Pointer Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-136
GAOTek underground pin pointer cable fault locators are based on the principle of acoustic and magnetic synchronous testing, combined with the high-voltage signal generating device, to accurately locate the power cable fault by detecting the magnetic field and sound signal discharged from the fault point of the cable.

GAOTek Underground Pipeline Detector Meral Pipe Wire Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-215
This Underground Pipeline Detector Meral Pipe Wire Cable Fault direct connection method or clamp method as detection method, and lithium batteries as the battery.

GAOTek Underground Power Cable Fault Pre-Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-141
GAOTek underground power cable fault pre-locator is designed to provide quick, accurate, and safe measurement solutions for underground power cable fault pre-locating.

GAOTek Visual Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-116
This Visual Cable Fault Locator has 8 s splicing time, 18 s heating time, 5.5 in TFT display screen, wireless LAN network, and 300 X magnification.

GAOTek Visual Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL- 121
This Visual Fault Locator has wavelength of 1310 nm or 1550 nm, 3 pieces of dry batteries as power supply, and 9 μm or 125 μm SM Fiber type of fiber.

GAOTek Visual Fault Locator

SKU: GAOTek-CFL-128
GAOTek Visual Fault Locator is the most portable test instrument in the industry. It adopts the OTDR technical principles and integrates the powerful analysis software, which enables this faults location more accurately.

GAOTek Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAO-CFL-102
This cable fault locator combines the function of both Time Domain Reflectometer(TDR) and intelligent bridge testing (bridge). It measures the exact fault location in the broken line, cross faults, lead covered cables, and plastic cables

GAOTek TDR Cable Fault Locator

SKU: GAO-CFL-101
This TDR Cable fault Locator device is designed to measure the faults which can be broken line, cross faults on plastic cables and lead covered cables

GAO Tek’s cable fault locators have the following functions: 

  • Fault Detection: GAO’s cable fault locators are designed to detect the presence of faults in cables. These faults can include breaks, short circuits, open circuits, insulation deterioration, and other abnormalities that disrupt the normal operation of the cable. 
  • Fault Location: One of the primary functions of our cable fault locator is to determine the precise location of the fault along the cable. By analyzing the electrical signals or pulses transmitted through the cable, the fault locator can calculate the distance between the device and the fault point. 
  • Fault Type Identification: Our cable fault locators can provide information about the type of fault encountered in the cable. Whether it is a break, short circuit, open circuit, or other faults, the fault locator can analyze the reflected or transmitted signals and interpret their characteristics to determine the fault type. 
  • Display and Indicators: Our fault locator features a display screen that shows relevant information such as distance to the fault, fault type, signal waveforms, and any other diagnostic data.  

GAO Tek’s cable fault locators are rugged, versatile and precision measurement instruments. They comply with applicable industry standards such as IEC 61557, IEC 61010, ANSI/IEEE C57.161, ASTM D4566, and BS EN 60947-3. 

 Our cable fault locators help our customers comply with relevant U.S. government regulations such as: 

  • Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 
  • National Electrical Code (NEC) 
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

 Our cable fault locators help our customers comply with relevant Canadian government regulations such as: 

  • Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) 
  • Innovation, Science, and Economic Development Canada (ISED) 
  • Health Canada 
  • Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) 

Our cable fault locators have the following applications: 

  • Power Distribution and Utilities: Our cable fault locators are used in power distribution systems and utility networks to identify and locate faults in power cables. They help utility technicians quickly pinpoint the location of faults such as cable breaks, short circuits, or insulation failures, enabling efficient repairs and minimizing downtime. 
  • Telecommunications and Data Networking: In the telecommunications and data networking industries, our cable fault locators are used to troubleshoot and locate faults in communication cables. They are instrumental in identifying issues such as cable breaks, splice failures, or damage to the cable infrastructure, ensuring reliable and uninterrupted communication services. 
  • Industrial Plants and Facilities: GAO’s cable fault locators find application in industrial plants and facilities where electrical cables are prevalent. They are used for maintenance and repair tasks, helping technicians locate faults in cables used for power distribution, control systems, instrumentation, and other critical applications. 
  • Construction and Infrastructure Projects: During the construction or installation of new cable systems, our cable fault locators are used to verify the integrity of the cables and identify any faults that may have occurred during installation. This ensures that the cables are functioning correctly before they are put into service. 
  • Railways and Transportation Networks: GAO’s cable fault locators are used in railway and transportation systems, helping locate faults in signaling cables, power supply cables, and communication cables. Prompt fault detection and location enable rapid response and effective maintenance, ensuring safe and reliable operation of the transportation networks. 

Our cable fault locators can be shipped overnight within the continental U.S. and Canada, and can be shipped globally.