Below are general answers on typical components of Cellular IoT – Cloud, Server, PC & Mobile Systems from the list of GAO Tek’s Cellular IoT – Cloud, Server, PC & Mobile Systems.

 

Electronic Components

  • Microcontroller/Processor: The brain of the IoT device, which executes instructions, processes data, and manages communication. Examples include ARM Cortex, ESP32, and ATmega328.
  • Cellular Modem/Module: Facilitates communication with cellular networks (2G, 3G, 4G, LTE, and emerging 5G). Modules like the Quectel BG95 and Sierra Wireless HL7800 are commonly used.
  • SIM Card: Provides the device with a unique identity on the cellular network and stores network-specific information. It can be a traditional SIM or an embedded SIM (eSIM).
  • Power Management ICs: These components regulate the power supply, ensuring stable and efficient operation. They include voltage regulators, battery chargers, and power management units (PMUs).
  • Sensors and Actuators: Sensors collect data from the environment (temperature, humidity, motion, etc.), while actuators perform actions based on commands (e.g., motors, relays).

Software Components

  • Firmware: Low-level software running on the microcontroller, responsible for basic operation, managing hardware, and interfacing with the operating system.
  • Operating System (OS): Many cellular IoT devices use real-time operating systems (RTOS) like FreeRTOS or embedded Linux (e.g., Yocto, Buildroot) for task scheduling, memory management, and device management.
  • Communication Protocols: Protocol stacks for cellular communication (TCP/IP, MQTT, CoAP, HTTP) and security protocols (TLS/SSL) to ensure secure data transmission.
  • Device Drivers: Software that allows the OS to communicate with hardware components, ensuring proper functioning and interaction.
  • Application Software: Custom applications tailored to the specific IoT use case, whether it be data logging, remote monitoring, or control systems.

Mechanical Components

  • Enclosure/Case: Protects the electronic components from environmental factors such as dust, moisture, and physical impacts. It is often designed to be durable and may need to be IP-rated for specific conditions.
  • Mounting Hardware: Screws, brackets, and other fixtures used to secure the IoT device in its operational environment, whether it’s a stationary installation or a mobile application.
  • Connectors and Cables: These facilitate electrical connections between components and external interfaces. They need to be robust and reliable to ensure long-term operation.
  • Cooling Solutions: Depending on the power consumption and environmental conditions, cooling components like heatsinks or fans may be necessary to manage the thermal load.

 

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